Religious scholars` aim of participating political affairs during Pahlavi`s ruling was the fact of opposing tyranny and preserving the independence of the country. Imam Khomeini and Ayatollah Golpayegani criticized the cultural practices of the Pahlavi regime in Islamophobia and believed that the regime, preventing political freedom, has intended to prevent religious scholars` socio-political activities. Though agreeing with the reforms, they considered the method taken for executing it as being unconformable with current conditions in the country, and, especially, Imam Khomeini regarded Shah's actions as a corruption leading to tyranny, backwardness and dependence on global capitalism. Findings of the research indicate that despite some differences, there is a significant convergence in the purpose and practice of Imam Khomeini and Ayatollah Golpayegani in relation to the 15th Khordad uprising as Savak documents show. The study tries to explain the mechanisms of influential measures of Imam Khomeini and Ayatollah Golpayegani in the uprising of khordad 15th with a document and library-based method.