Modern Islamic civilization is considered as one of the emerging issues in the Islamic atmosphere of the Islamic Revolution. Meanwhile, the study of the foundations of this civilization, as well as the process and elements involved in its formation, is the subject of this study as a key issue. Since every civilization has a clear rationality, the subsidiary issue of the study is to study this rationality from the political angle which has been pursued by combining two methods of ijtihad and grounded theory. In this research, modern Islamic civilization is a process, purposefully useing the civilization capital and relying on the capacities of the Islamic Revolution, in order to visualize Islamic teachings. Therefore, the political geography of Iran plays as centre and the Islamic world as a field in this civilization. On the other hand, political rationality based on the doctrine of Imamate, apart from its legitimacy-giving state, is the basis of the modern Islamic civilization by providing a privileged political order.